Draw.io Diagrams#

Overview#

Generate .drawio XML files and export to PNG/SVG/PDF/JPG locally using the native draw.io desktop app CLI.

Supported formats: PNG, SVG, PDF, JPG — no browser automation needed.

PNG, SVG, and PDF exports support --embed-diagram ( -e) — the exported file contains the full diagram XML, so opening it in draw.io recovers the editable diagram. Use double extensions ( name.drawio.png) to signal embedded XML.

When to use / when NOT to use#

Use this skill for: polished, precise diagrams (architecture, network, strict UML, ERD), anything needing solid opaque fills, 10,000+ stock/branded shapes, swimlanes, or custom geometry, exported as editable PNG/SVG/PDF.

Do NOT use it — route elsewhere — for:

• A casual hand-drawn / whiteboard look → excalidraw or tldraw.
• Diagrams-as-code that live in git / render in Markdown → mermaid (general) or plantuml (UML).
• Freeform infinite-canvas sketching or freehand strokes → tldraw.

Bundled resources#

When the workflow references one of these, read it on demand — none of them need to be in context up front.

FileRead it whenreferences/toolbox.mdYou're not sure which bundled script fits a request, or want to chain several — a map of all 31 scripts grouped by use-case (author / import code / import IaC / import API spec / live infra / compare / annotate / reverse-export / utilities) with an "I have X, I want Y → use Z" guidereferences/xml-authoring.mdYou're about to hand-write .drawio XML (workflow step 3) — file skeleton, shape/edge cells, containers, connection distribution, palette, spacing/grid rules. Not needed when a bundled generator writes the XMLreferences/mermaid-authoring.mdThe diagram is a standard type with no custom styling/icon needs (flowchart, state, gantt, mindmap, timeline, journey, pie, …) and the CLI is ≥ v30 — author it as Mermaid text and let the CLI convert to native .drawio (structure only, layout free). Also documents the CLI's ELK --layout pass for XMLreferences/diagram-types.mdThe user names a specific diagram type (ERD, UML class, sequence, C4, architecture, ML/DL, flowchart, SysML, BPMN, network topology, swimlane)references/shapes.md + scripts/shapesearch.pyThe diagram needs a specific shape — a cloud icon (AWS/Azure/GCP), Cisco/Kubernetes/network symbol, UML/BPMN/ER/electrical/P&ID element — or any time you'd otherwise guess a style= string. shapesearch.py "<keywords>" returns the exact official style for 10k+ shapesscripts/aiicons.pyThe diagram involves an AI/LLM brand (OpenAI, Claude, Gemini, Mistral, Llama, HuggingFace, Ollama, LangChain, …) — aiicons.py "<brand>" returns a draw.io image style for the brand logo (lobe-icons via CDN; --embed to inline). draw.io has no built-in AI logos. See references/shapes.md → "AI / LLM brand logos"references/style-presets.mdThe user asks to learn / save / list / set-default / delete a style preset, or you've resolved an active preset and need the application rulesreferences/style-extraction.mdYou're inside the Learn flow and need the extraction procedure (called from style-presets.md)references/troubleshooting.mdAn export fails, vision rejects a PNG, or a rendering looks wrongscripts/repair_png.pyAfter every -e PNG export — fixes draw.io's truncated IEND chunk (issue #8)scripts/encode_drawio_url.pyThe CLI is unavailable and you need a browser-fallback diagrams.net URL ( --edit for an editable editor URL)references/autolayout.mdThe diagram is large or layout-heavy (dependency/call graph, code structure, >~15 nodes) and you want Graphviz to place nodes + route edges instead of hand-placing coordinatesscripts/pyimports.py · jsimports.py · goimports.py · rustimports.pyThe user wants to visualize a Python, JS/TS, Go, or Rust project structure — extracts the import graph (transitive-reduced, optional --group containers, nested by sub-package) for autolayoutscripts/pyclasses.pyThe user wants a Python class hierarchy / class diagram — extracts classes + inheritance edges (boxed by module with --group) for autolayoutscripts/tfimports.py · k8simports.py · composeimports.pyThe user wants to visualize declared infrastructure ( Terraform .tf, Kubernetes manifests, or docker-compose) — extracts the resource/service reference graph (official AWS/Azure/GCP/K8s icons for tf/k8s; service boxes + volume cylinders for compose) for autolayoutscripts/tfstate.py · dockerimports.py (+ k8simports.py)The user wants to draw what is ACTUALLY running / deployed — pipe terraform show -json (deployed state), docker inspect $(docker ps -q) (live containers), or kubectl get all,ing,cm,secret,pvc -o json (live cluster, via k8simports) and get the real topology with the same official icons. See references/live-infra.md``scripts/drawiodiff.pyThe user wants to compare / diff two diagrams or two snapshots ("what changed", infra drift) — drawiodiff.py old.drawio new.drawio -o diff.json emits a colour-coded graph (added=green, removed=red, changed=orange, same=grey) for autolayout. Matches by cell id (importer/live-snapshot output) or --by-label (hand-drawn)scripts/timelapse.pyThe user wants an architecture time-lapse / to see how a codebase's structure evolved over git history — timelapse.py <dir> --importer pyimports re-runs an importer at each sampled commit and assembles a self-contained HTML player (embedded frames, play/step controls). Best on a package with real import edges (point <dir> at the module root)scripts/explain.pyThe user wants to describe / document / summarize an existing .drawio in words (reverse of generating one) — explain.py diagram.drawio emits structured Markdown: components grouped by container/tier, relations ( A —label→ B), per-page sections for multi-page/C4. Good for a README/PR summary or a text-only read-outscripts/drawio2pptx.pyThe user wants a PowerPoint deck / slides from a diagram — drawio2pptx.py diagram.drawio -o deck.pptx puts each page on its own 16:9 slide (page name as title), so a multi-page C4 model becomes a ready-to-present deck. Needs python-pptx ( pip install python-pptx) + the draw.io CLIscripts/drawiohtml.pyThe user wants a shareable interactive viewer for a diagram (pan / zoom / search, no draw.io needed) — drawiohtml.py diagram.drawio -o viewer.html inlines every page's SVG into ONE self-contained HTML with page tabs, drag-pan, wheel-zoom, node search (Enter cycles + centres matches) and working drill-down links (a C4 model's data:page/id links switch tabs). No server, no external requests — send the file to anyonescripts/svgflow.pyThe user wants an animated / "flowing" diagram (data-flow, moving edges) — svgflow.py diagram.drawio -o flow.svg exports to SVG and makes every edge a marching-ants animation (dashes travel along the arrows). Self-contained looping .svg that renders on GitHub / any browser; --speed / --dash / --reverse``scripts/drawio2mermaid.pyThe user wants to convert a .drawio into Mermaid text (diagrams-as-code for a Markdown file that GitHub renders) — drawio2mermaid.py diagram.drawio emits a flowchart (containers → subgraph s, edge labels kept, cylinder/rhombus shapes mapped); --fenced wraps in ```mermaid, multi-page → one graph per page. Structural only (styling/icons don't survive)scripts/sqlerd.pyThe user wants an ER diagram from SQL DDL — parses CREATE TABLE statements into per-table nodes (columns with PK/FK markers) and crow's-foot FK edges for autolayoutscripts/ciimports.pyThe user wants a CI pipeline diagram (GitHub Actions workflows or GitLab CI) — ciimports.py <repo-root> reads .github/workflows/*.yml + .gitlab-ci.yml and emits jobs (runner, matrix size, reusable-workflow calls), needs: dependency edges, per-workflow trigger nodes, and stage/workflow containers for autolayout. Needs PyYAMLscripts/openapiimports.pyThe user wants an API diagram from an OpenAPI / Swagger spec — openapiimports.py spec.yaml maps each operation to a node coloured by HTTP method (GET blue, POST green, PUT/PATCH orange, DELETE red) plus one node per component schema, with edges from operations to the schemas they use and between nested schemas. --group boxes by tag, --no-schemas shows just the endpoint surface; feeds autolayoutscripts/heatmap.pyThe user wants to colour an existing .drawio by data (a cost / latency / traffic / error-rate heat map) — heatmap.py diagram.drawio -m metrics.csv matches each metric (CSV key,value or JSON {key:value}) to a node by id or label and recolours it along a gradient ( --palette heat|cool|warm, --reverse), optionally scaling node size ( --size) and adding a legend. Post-processes any diagram; export as usualscripts/seqlayout.pyThe user wants a sequence diagram — describe participants + messages as JSON and the script computes all lifeline/activation/arrow geometry deterministically (no hand-placed coordinates, no Graphviz needed)scripts/c4.pyThe user wants a C4 model (System Context / Container / Component) — levels JSON in, one multi-page .drawio out with official C4 shapes/colors and click-to-drill-down links between levelsscripts/relabel.pyThe user wants a language variant or bulk text swap of an existing .drawio (e.g. an EN diagram re-labelled in Chinese for a bilingual README) — relabel.py diagram.drawio --extract -o labels.json dumps every label as an identity JSON map; translate the values (keep the keys), then relabel.py diagram.drawio --map labels.json -o diagram_cn.drawio swaps them with layout/styles/ids untouchedscripts/restyle.pyThe user wants to re-theme an EXISTING .drawio ("make this dark", "apply my corporate style to this diagram") — restyle.py diagram.drawio --preset <name> remaps every vertex fill/stroke to the preset palette by hue, applies font/extras (dark fontColor, edge color, background), and leaves layout, shapes, and edge routing untouched. Presets resolve like Step 0 (user dir, then built-ins)scripts/validate.pyYou generated a .drawio (especially via autolayout or for a large hand-placed diagram) and want a fast deterministic structural lint (dangling edges, dup/reserved ids, broken parents, overlaps) before the vision self-check. --score prints a readability score for comparing layout variantsscripts/raster2drawio.pyThe user has an image of a diagram (whiteboard photo, legacy PNG, Visio screenshot) and wants an editable .drawio — read the image with your own vision, extract nodes/edges as JSON (schema + full workflow in references/derasterize.md), then raster2drawio.py graph.json -o out.drawio honours those coordinates/labels/shapes; nodes missing x/ y fall back to autolayout.py placementscripts/buildup.pyThe user wants a diagram to build itself node-by-node as a video/GIF (a construction time-lapse of ONE static diagram — distinct from timelapse.py's git-history animation) — buildup.py diagram.drawio reveals cells in topological (dependency) order into a self-contained HTML player (play/pause/step/scrub); --gif also exports an animated GIF (needs Pillow). Needs the draw.io CLIscripts/compress.pyThe user wants an executive / boardroom summary of a big diagram — collapses clusters (pure-Python label propagation, no networkx) into one labeled node each with aggregated inter-cluster edges, emitting a 2-page .drawio (exec view + click-to-drill-down into the full original). Claude can rename clusters semantically afterward. Needs Graphviz dot``scripts/runbook.pyThe user wants a flowchart/decision-tree .drawio turned into a click-through triage app (on-call runbook) — runbook.py flow.drawio reads the XML (no draw.io CLI needed) and emits a self-contained HTML runbook: current-step text, per-edge choice buttons, breadcrumb trail, Back/Restart, end-state on terminal nodesscripts/prdiff.pyYou're setting up automated PR diagram review in CI — for every .drawio changed between two git refs it renders base/head/diff PNGs and emits a Markdown report; ships with a composite GitHub Action ( .github/actions/drawio-diff/) that posts a sticky PR comment. See references/pr-bot.md``scripts/tubemap.pyThe user wants a metro / subway / tube map — a system, pipeline, or journey drawn as coloured transit lines with octilinear (H/V/45°) routing, white interchange circles, and station stops. Compose a metro JSON (lines = ordered stations on an integer grid, shared stations = interchanges), then tubemap.py metro.json -o metro.drawio. Stdlib-only; schema + the one grid rule in references/tubemap.md

Prerequisites#

The draw.io desktop app must be installed and the CLI accessible:

macOS sandbox / sandbox isolation note (e.g., codex.app): In some sandboxed macOS environments, invoking the draw.io desktop CLI (even drawio --version) can crash the draw.io process or produce no output. If that happens, treat the CLI as unavailable in this sandbox isolation — do not keep retrying inside the sandbox. Prefer a non-sandboxed host environment (outside sandbox isolation) for any CLI export work, or use the browser fallback / XML-only outputs.

bash

# macOS (Homebrew — recommended; CLI binary is `drawio`, not `draw.io`)
brew install --cask drawio
drawio --version

# macOS (full path if not in PATH)
/Applications/draw.io.app/Contents/MacOS/draw.io --version

# Windows
"C:\Program Files\draw.io\draw.io.exe" --version

# Linux
drawio --version

Install draw.io desktop if missing:

• macOS: brew install --cask drawio or download from https://github.com/jgraph/drawio-desktop/releases
• Windows: download installer from https://github.com/jgraph/drawio-desktop/releases
• Linux: download .deb/ .rpm from https://github.com/jgraph/drawio-desktop/releases — do not use snap (AppArmor sandbox denies secrets/keyring on servers, causes crash)

Workflow#

Before starting the workflow, assess whether the user's request is specific enough. If key details are missing, ask 1-3 focused questions:

• Diagram type — which preset? (ERD, UML, Sequence, Architecture, ML/DL, Flowchart, SysML, BPMN, Network, Swimlane, or general)
• Output format — PNG (default), SVG, PDF, or JPG?
• Output location — default is the user's working dir; honor any explicit path the user gives (e.g. "put it in ./artifacts/"). Don't ask if they didn't mention one.
• Scope/fidelity — how many components? Any specific technologies or labels?

Skip clarification if the request already specifies these details or is clearly simple (e.g., "draw a flowchart of X").

Step 0 — Resolve active preset. Determine which (if any) user-defined style preset applies to this generation.

• Scan the user's message for a phrase that clearly names a style preset: "use my <name> style", "with my <name> style", "in <name> mode", "in the style of <name>". A bare with <name> does not count — "draw a diagram with redis" names a component, not a style. If a clear match is found → active preset = <name>.
• Else, check ~/.drawio-skill/styles/ for any file with "default": true. If found → active preset = that one.
• Else → no preset active; fall through to the built-in color/shape/edge conventions for the rest of the workflow.

Load the preset JSON from ~/.drawio-skill/styles/<name>.json, falling back to <this-skill-dir>/styles/built-in/<name>.json. If the named preset exists in neither location, tell the user the name is unknown, list the available presets (user dir + built-in), and stop — do not silently fall back to defaults.

When a preset loads successfully, mention it in the first line of the reply: "Using preset <name> (confidence: <level>)." See references/style-presets.md → "Applying a preset" for how the preset changes color/shape/edge/font decisions.

1. Check deps — resolve which name the binary has on this system and use that name verbatim in every subsequent command in this workflow. Try in order: (a) drawio --version (the canonical name for Homebrew cask, jgraph .deb/ .rpm, Arch AUR), (b) draw.io --version (older builds, some custom symlinks, some distro packages), (c) macOS .app direct: /Applications/draw.io.app/Contents/MacOS/draw.io --version, (d) Windows: "C:\Program Files\draw.io\draw.io.exe" --version. The first one that prints a version is your binary; remember the exact path/name and substitute it for drawio in every export command below. Do not copy the example commands verbatim if your binary is named differently — the examples use drawio only because it's the most common. On macOS-Homebrew, drawio is just a thin wrapper script that execs /Applications/draw.io.app/Contents/MacOS/draw.io — they run the same engine, so candidate (c) is only needed when the drawio wrapper is absent (e.g. the app was installed by drag-and-drop without the cask). Also note the major version the command printed: ≥ 30 unlocks Mermaid→ .drawio conversion and the ELK --layout pass (see references/mermaid-authoring.md); on ≤ 29 both are unavailable — .mmd input fails and --layout corrupts argument parsing — so never emit those flags there.
2. Plan — identify shapes, relationships, layout (LR or TB), group by tier/layer
3. Generate — produce the .drawio file, choosing the authoring mode: (a) Mermaid → CLI convert when the diagram is a standard type with no custom styling/icon needs and the CLI is ≥ v30 — write a .mmd and run drawio -x -f xml -o <name>.drawio <name>.mmd, see references/mermaid-authoring.md (structure only; layout comes free; never --layout afterwards). (b) Hand-written XML for custom styling, vendor icons, swimlanes, precise geometry — read references/xml-authoring.md first (skeleton, cell forms, palette, spacing rules). (c) A bundled generator for the data-driven cases below. For large or layout-heavy diagrams (dependency/call graphs, code structure, >~15 nodes), don't hand-place — describe the graph as JSON and run python3 <this-skill-dir>/scripts/autolayout.py graph.json -o <name>.drawio to compute node positions + orthogonal edge routing via Graphviz (see references/autolayout.md; add --tune to auto-pick the more readable direction). For a Python / JS-TS / Go / Rust project, the matching importer ( scripts/pyimports.py, jsimports.py, goimports.py, or rustimports.py) extracts the import graph (transitive-reduced; add --group to box modules by sub-package, nested for deep trees) ready for autolayout; for a Python class hierarchy, scripts/pyclasses.py extracts classes + inheritance instead; for Terraform / Kubernetes / docker-compose ( scripts/tfimports.py, k8simports.py, composeimports.py), the importer extracts the resource/service reference graph — tf/k8s nodes resolve to their official cloud icons automatically; to draw what is actually running rather than the declared config, pipe terraform show -json into scripts/tfstate.py or docker inspect $(docker ps -q) into scripts/dockerimports.py ( k8simports.py already accepts live kubectl get ... -o json) — see references/live-infra.md; for an ER diagram from SQL DDL, scripts/sqlerd.py parses CREATE TABLE into table nodes + crow's-foot FK edges; for an API diagram from an OpenAPI / Swagger spec, scripts/openapiimports.py maps operations (coloured by HTTP method) + component schemas into a graph for autolayout; for a CI pipeline diagram (GitHub Actions / GitLab CI), scripts/ciimports.py extracts jobs, needs: edges, triggers, and stage/workflow containers. To turn any generated .drawio into a metric heat map — recolour nodes by a CSV/JSON of cost/latency/traffic/errors — run python3 <this-skill-dir>/scripts/heatmap.py <name>.drawio -m metrics.csv (matches on cell id or label; --palette, --size, legend). For a sequence diagram, skip autolayout entirely — describe participants + messages as JSON and run python3 <this-skill-dir>/scripts/seqlayout.py seq.json -o <name>.drawio (deterministic lifeline/activation/arrow geometry; see the script docstring for the JSON schema). For a C4 model, python3 <this-skill-dir>/scripts/c4.py c4.json -o <name>.drawio emits the full multi-page Context→Container→Component set with drill-down links (schema in the script docstring). For complex architecture diagrams with many visible edge labels, give labels labelBackgroundColor=#ffffff;fontSize=11 and use edge geometry x/ y offsets plus <mxPoint as="offset" /> to move long labels into nearby whitespace instead of relying on draw.io's default midpoint placement. After generating any .drawio, run python3 <this-skill-dir>/scripts/validate.py <name>.drawio for a fast structural lint (dangling edges, dup ids, overlaps) before exporting. Default output dir is the user's working dir; if the user specified an output path or directory (e.g. ./artifacts/, docs/images/), use that instead — mkdir -p the target dir first. Apply the same dir choice to PNG/SVG/PDF exports in steps 4 and 7.
4. Export draft — run CLI to produce a preview PNG. Do NOT pass -e at this step — the embedded zTXt mxGraphModel chunk it adds causes vision APIs (Claude included) to return 400 "Could not process image" in step 5. Cap the preview width with --width 2000 (not -s 2) — Claude's vision API rejects images larger than 2576×2576px with "Unable to resize image — dimensions exceed the 2576x2576px limit", and -s 2 on a medium-or-larger diagram easily overshoots that ceiling. Save the clean preview as <name>.png (single extension). Embedding and full-resolution scale are for the final export only (step 7).
5. Self-check — use the agent's built-in vision capability to read the exported PNG, catch obvious issues, auto-fix before showing user (requires a vision-enabled model such as Claude Sonnet/Opus). If reading the PNG returns a 400 / "Could not process image" error, you almost certainly exported with -e by mistake — re-export without -e and retry once. If it still fails, skip self-check and continue to step 6.
6. Review loop — show image to user, collect feedback, apply targeted XML edits, re-export, repeat until approved
7. Final export — re-export the approved version to all requested formats. Use -e here (PNG/SVG/PDF) so the deliverable stays editable in draw.io; save as <name>.drawio.png to signal embedded XML. For PNG with -e, run python3 <this-skill-dir>/scripts/repair_png.py <name>.drawio.png immediately after — draw.io's CLI truncates the IEND chunk in -e PNG output (8 bytes missing), producing a corrupt file that vision APIs and strict PNG decoders reject (issue #8). Report file paths.

If drawio --version crashes or prints nothing (common in restricted macOS sandbox isolation like codex.app):

• Do not keep retrying CLI invocations inside the sandbox.
• Skip steps 4, 5, 6, and 7 (CLI export + PNG-based review) and use Browser fallback ( scripts/encode_drawio_url.py) or deliver the .drawio XML only.
• If the user needs PNG/SVG/PDF outputs, ask them to run the export commands in a non-sandboxed host environment (outside sandbox isolation) and share the resulting files.

Escalation rule:

• If the binary exists on PATH (or known app path exists) but execution fails with abnormal exit, empty output, Electron startup failure, display/session error, or likely sandbox restriction, prefer one escalated retry before falling back.
• If the binary is missing entirely, do not escalate just to search more aggressively; go to install guidance or fallback.

Step 5: Self-Check#

After exporting the draft PNG, use the agent's vision capability (e.g., Claude's image input) to read the image and check for these issues before showing the user. If the agent does not support vision, skip self-check and show the PNG directly.

Important: the draft PNG read here must have been exported without -e. Draw.io's -e flag emits a PNG with a truncated IEND chunk (8 bytes of type+CRC missing) that the Anthropic vision API rejects with 400 "Could not process image" (issue #8). The simplest fix for the preview step is to skip -e entirely; the final export in step 7 keeps -e and runs the repair snippet. If you see the 400 error here, re-export without -e and retry once; if it still fails (any other reason), skip self-check and proceed to step 6.

CheckWhat to look forAuto-fix actionOverlapping shapesTwo or more shapes stacked on top of each otherShift shapes apart by ≥200pxClipped labelsText cut off at shape boundariesIncrease shape width/height to fit labelMissing connectionsArrows that don't visually connect to shapesVerify source/ target ids match existing cellsOff-canvas shapesShapes at negative coordinates or far from the main groupMove to positive coordinates near the clusterEdge-shape overlapAn edge/arrow visually crosses through an unrelated shapeAdd waypoints ( <Array as="points">) to route around the shape, or increase spacing between shapesStacked edgesMultiple edges overlap each other on the same pathDistribute entry/exit points across the shape perimeter (use different exitX/entryX values)Edge-label overlapEdge text overlaps another label, line, or node in the exported PNGKeep the label on the edge, add a white label background, and move it locally with edge geometry x/ y offsets into adjacent whitespace

• Max 2 self-check rounds — if issues remain after 2 fixes, show the user anyway
• Re-export after each fix and re-read the new PNG

Step 6: Review Loop#

After self-check, show the exported image and ask the user for feedback.

Targeted edit rules — for each type of feedback, apply the minimal XML change:

User requestXML edit actionChange color of XFind mxCell by value matching X, update fillColor/ strokeColor in styleAdd a new nodeAppend a new mxCell vertex with next available id, position near related nodesRemove a nodeDelete the mxCell vertex and any edges with matching source/ targetMove shape XUpdate x/ y in the mxGeometry of the matching mxCellResize shape XUpdate width/ height in the mxGeometry of the matching mxCellAdd arrow from A to BAppend a new mxCell edge with source/ target matching A and B idsChange label textUpdate the value attribute of the matching mxCellChange layout directionFull regeneration — rebuild XML with new orientation

Rules:

• For single-element changes: edit existing XML in place — preserves layout tuning from prior iterations
• For layout-wide changes (e.g., swap LR↔TB, "start over"): regenerate full XML
• Overwrite the same {name}.png (no -e) each iteration — do not create v1, v2, v3 files. -e is reserved for the final export in step 7.
• After applying edits, re-export and show the updated image
• Loop continues until user says approved / done / LGTM
• Safety valve: after 5 iteration rounds, suggest the user open the .drawio file in draw.io desktop for fine-grained adjustments

Step 7: Final Export#

Once the user approves:

• Export to all requested formats (PNG, SVG, PDF, JPG) — default to PNG if not specified
• Report file paths for both the .drawio source file and exported image(s)
• Auto-launch: offer to open the .drawio file in draw.io desktop for fine-tuning — open diagram.drawio (macOS), xdg-open (Linux), start (Windows)
• Confirm files are saved and ready to use

Style Presets#

A style preset is a named JSON file capturing a user's visual preferences (palette, shapes, font, edges). When active, it fully replaces the built-in color/shape conventions in this skill.

Lookup order when SKILL.md's Step 0 resolves a preset name:

1. ~/.drawio-skill/styles/<name>.json — user presets (survive git pull)
2. <this-skill-dir>/styles/built-in/<name>.json — shipped built-ins ( default, corporate, handdrawn, colorblind-safe, dark)

Always lowercase the user-provided name before any file operation — the schema enforces lowercase.

For everything else — Learn flow (extracting a preset from a file), management ops (list/default/delete/rename), application rules (color lookup, shape keywords, edges, fonts, extras, interaction with diagram-type presets), and validation — read references/style-presets.md. It's only needed when the user invokes those flows or when an active preset must be applied to the current generation.

Authoring .drawio XML#

Before hand-writing any .drawio XML (step 3), read references/xml-authoring.md — file skeleton, shape/edge cell forms, containers, connection-point distribution, color palette, and spacing/grid rules all live there. Skip it only when a bundled generator writes the XML for you ( autolayout.py + importers, seqlayout.py).

Two rules worth stating even here: never reuse ids 0/ 1 (reserved root cells), and every edge mxCell needs a <mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry" /> child — self-closing edge cells do not render.

Export#

Commands#

There are two export modes:

• Preview / self-check (step 4 of the workflow) — no -e. Output diagram.png. Required for vision self-check; using -e here triggers a 400 "Could not process image" error from the vision API (issue #8).
• Final / deliverable (step 7) — pass -e. Output diagram.drawio.png. The embedded XML keeps the file editable in draw.io.

All commands below write drawio as a placeholder for the binary you resolved in Step 1. If your binary is on PATH as draw.io (with dot — some older or distro-packaged installs), substitute draw.io throughout. If only the macOS .app or Windows .exe is available, use the full path variant shown a few lines down.

bash

# Preview PNG (use this in step 4, before self-check) — NO -e, width-capped to stay under vision's 2576px ceiling
drawio -x -f png --width 2000 -o diagram.png input.drawio

# Final PNG (step 7, after user approval) — WITH -e, double extension
drawio -x -f png -e -s 2 -o diagram.drawio.png input.drawio

# macOS — full path (if not in PATH); preview / final variants
/Applications/draw.io.app/Contents/MacOS/draw.io -x -f png --width 2000 -o diagram.png input.drawio
/Applications/draw.io.app/Contents/MacOS/draw.io -x -f png -e -s 2 -o diagram.drawio.png input.drawio

# Windows
"C:\Program Files\draw.io\draw.io.exe" -x -f png -e -s 2 -o diagram.drawio.png input.drawio

# Linux (headless — requires xvfb-run; on servers add HOME and --disable-gpu)
export HOME=${HOME:-/tmp}
xvfb-run -a --server-args="-screen 0 1280x1024x24" \
  drawio -x -f png -e -s 2 -o diagram.drawio.png input.drawio --disable-gpu
# Running as root (CI / Docker)? Append --no-sandbox AT THE END (placing it earlier makes drawio treat it as the input filename)

# SVG export (final — -e is safe; SVG is text)
drawio -x -f svg -e -o diagram.svg input.drawio

# PDF export (final)
drawio -x -f pdf -e -o diagram.pdf input.drawio

# Custom output directory (e.g. CI artifacts dir) — create if missing, then export there
mkdir -p ./artifacts && drawio -x -f png -e -s 2 -o ./artifacts/diagram.drawio.png input.drawio

Post-export PNG repair (required after -e PNG export)#

draw.io CLI truncates the IEND chunk when emitting -e PNGs — the file ends with the 4-byte IEND length field but the IEND type + CRC (8 bytes) are missing. Result: vision APIs return 400 "Could not process image" and strict PNG decoders error out. SVG/PDF are unaffected.

Run this immediately after every -e PNG export:

bash

python3 <this-skill-dir>/scripts/repair_png.py diagram.drawio.png

The script's endswith(IEND) guard makes it a no-op once draw.io fixes the bug upstream — safe to run unconditionally.

Key flags:

• -x — export mode (required)
• -f — format: png, svg, pdf, jpg
• -e — embed diagram XML in output (PNG, SVG, PDF) — exported file remains editable in draw.io. Skip for the preview PNG used in step 5 self-check — -e PNGs have a truncated IEND chunk that vision APIs reject (issue #8). For final PNG export, keep -e and run scripts/repair_png.py (see Post-export PNG repair). SVG/PDF unaffected.
• -s — scale: 1, 2, 3 (2 recommended for final PNG; do NOT use for the step-4 preview — see --width)
• --width <px> — target width in pixels (no short form; -w does not exist and silently breaks the input-file parser). Use --width 2000 for the step-4 preview to keep the PNG under Claude's 2576×2576 vision ceiling. There's also a --height <px> flag for tall-narrow diagrams. Don't combine --width with -s.
• -o — output file path; accepts any directory (e.g. ./artifacts/diagram.drawio.png) — mkdir -p the target dir first. Use .drawio.png double extension when embedding.
• --layout <preset|json> — CLI ≥ v30 only — ELK auto-layout pass on XML input ( verticalFlow, horizontalFlow, verticalTree, horizontalTree, radialTree, organic, or a custom ELK JSON array). Alternative to autolayout.py when Graphviz is missing; never combine with Mermaid-converted files (already laid out). On ≤ 29 this flag breaks argument parsing — don't emit it. See references/mermaid-authoring.md
• -b — border width around diagram (default: 0, recommend 10)
• -t — transparent background (PNG only)
• --page-index <n> — export one page of a multi-page file. 1-based in current drawio-desktop (verified on 29.7.8: --page-index 2 exports the second page; older docs claimed 0-based). Default: first page. --page-range 2..3 also works

Browser fallback (no CLI needed)#

When the draw.io desktop CLI is unavailable, generate a client-side URL:

bash

python3 <this-skill-dir>/scripts/encode_drawio_url.py input.drawio          # read-only viewer
python3 <this-skill-dir>/scripts/encode_drawio_url.py --edit input.drawio    # opens in the editor

Default prints a https://viewer.diagrams.net/...#R… viewer URL; --edit prints a https://app.diagrams.net/...#create=… URL that opens straight into the editable editor. Either way the diagram XML is encodeURIComponent-encoded, deflate-compressed, and base64'd into the URL fragment — the fragment (after #) is never sent to the server, so nothing is uploaded. The encodeURIComponent step is mandatory: without it, any diagram containing a literal % or non-ASCII (e.g. CJK) label makes the browser throw "URI malformed" and the diagram never opens.

Open the URL with open "$URL" (macOS) / xdg-open "$URL" (Linux). On WSL2 / Windows, cmd.exe drops the #fragment — write a .url shortcut file and open that instead (see references/troubleshooting.md → "WSL2 / Windows specifics").

Fallback chain#

When tools are unavailable, degrade gracefully:

ScenarioBehaviordraw.io CLI missing, Python availableUse browser fallback (diagrams.net URL)draw.io CLI missing, Python missingGenerate .drawio XML only; instruct user to open in draw.io desktop or diagrams.net manuallydraw.io CLI crashes / no output in macOS sandbox isolationTreat CLI as unavailable in-sandbox; use browser fallback / XML-only; ask user to run CLI exports in a non-sandboxed host environmentVision unavailable for self-checkSkip self-check (step 5); proceed directly to showing user the exported PNGExport fails (Chromium/display issues)On Linux, retry with xvfb-run -a; if still failing, deliver .drawio XML and suggest manual exportExport fails on Linux server (headless)Try in order: (1) xvfb-run -a, (2) append --no-sandbox at the very end if root, (3) add --disable-gpu, (4) export HOME=/tmp, (5) install apt deps ( libgtk-3-0 libnotify4 libnss3 libgbm1 libasound2t64 etc.), (6) fall back to tomkludy/drawio-renderer Docker (REST API for headless export)

Checking if drawio is in PATH#

bash

# Prefer the Homebrew / Linux-package binary name (no dot)
if command -v drawio &>/dev/null; then
  DRAWIO="drawio"
# Fall back to the dot-named binary (older installs, manual symlinks)
elif command -v draw.io &>/dev/null; then
  DRAWIO="draw.io"
# macOS .app bundle (binary inside the bundle keeps the dot)
elif [ -f "/Applications/draw.io.app/Contents/MacOS/draw.io" ]; then
  DRAWIO="/Applications/draw.io.app/Contents/MacOS/draw.io"
# WSL2: the CLI is the Windows desktop exe, reached via /mnt/c (note the space)
elif grep -qi microsoft /proc/version 2>/dev/null && [ -f "/mnt/c/Program Files/draw.io/draw.io.exe" ]; then
  DRAWIO="/mnt/c/Program Files/draw.io/draw.io.exe"
else
  echo "drawio not found — install from https://github.com/jgraph/drawio-desktop/releases (Homebrew: brew install --cask drawio)"
fi

On WSL2 / native Windows, opening exported files and browser-fallback URLs needs path conversion + a .url-file workaround ( cmd.exe drops URL #fragment s) — see the "WSL2 / Windows specifics" section in references/troubleshooting.md.

Common Mistakes#

When something looks wrong (export fails, vision rejects a PNG, layout broken, edges misroute), see references/troubleshooting.md for a row-by-row mistake → fix table.

Diagram Type Presets#

When the user requests a specific diagram type, read references/diagram-types.md for the matching preset (shapes, edges, layout direction). Pick by user phrasing:

User saysSection in references/diagram-types.md"ER diagram", "schema diagram", "data model"ERD"UML class diagram", "class diagram"UML Class"sequence diagram", "interaction diagram", "lifeline"Sequence"architecture", "system diagram", "service diagram"Architecture"neural network", "model architecture", "ML diagram", "deep learning"ML / Deep Learning Model"flowchart", "decision tree", "process flow"Flowchart"C4", "system context diagram", "container diagram", "component diagram"C4 Model"SysML", "MBSE", "block definition diagram", "internal block diagram", "requirement diagram", "parametric diagram"SysML"BPMN", "business process", "process model", "pool and lanes", "workflow diagram"BPMN"network topology", "network diagram", "LAN/WAN", "subnet", "firewall diagram"Network Topology"swimlane diagram", "cross-functional flowchart", "who does what", "handoff diagram"Cross-Functional Flowchart

The diagram-type preset sets structural style keywords. If a user style preset is also active (see ## Style Presets), keep the structural keywords and layer color/font/edge/extras on top — read references/style-presets.md → "Interaction with diagram-type presets" for the merge rules.