Unihiker K10 - Arduino#

Overview#

CLI toolkit for Unihiker K10 board Arduino programming. Core principle: Follow reference docs exactly—no improvisation.

Firmware Version: 0.9.2 FQBN: UNIHIKER:esp32:k10

TTS firmware requirement: ASR::setAsrSpeed() and ASR::speak() are available only in the Chinese K10 firmware. Before generating, compiling, or troubleshooting speech-synthesis code, confirm that the board/toolchain is using the Chinese firmware. Selecting or restoring CN model data is not, by itself, proof that the installed firmware exposes TTS.

If a sketch uses K10 AI, voice recognition, TTS, face recognition, or OTA partitions, preserve the factory model-data offsets. Read the repository reference references/k10-ai-model-flash.md when available.

Screen refresh policy: always design K10 display code around partial redraws. Full-screen clearing or full-background redraw causes obvious flicker and is uncomfortable; use it only for initialization, page switches, exit cleanup, or when you have measured full-screen refresh above 30 fps.

When to Use#

• Uploading Arduino/C++ code to K10
• Flashing Arduino firmware
• Looking up K10 Arduino APIs (screen, canvas, sensors, RGB, audio)
• Setting up development environment for the first time
• Port detection or connectivity issues

Environment Setup (MANDATORY - First Time Only)#

Before uploading code, ensure your Arduino environment is configured correctly.

Windows Self-Contained Offline Installer#

For Windows machines with no Arduino tooling installed, use the self-contained offline installer first. The installer bundles arduino-cli.exe, the UNIHIKER K10 BSP, required ESP32-S3 tools, and local libraries.

Known install locations to check, in order:

text

C:\K10A
%USERPROFILE%\K10A
%LOCALAPPDATA%\K10A
%LOCALAPPDATA%\K10Arduino

When one of these directories exists and contains arduino-cli.exe plus arduino-cli.local.yaml, use that local environment instead of assuming arduino-cli is on PATH:

powershell

cd C:\K10A
.\setup-config.bat
.\arduino-cli.exe --config-file .\arduino-cli.local.yaml core list
.\arduino-cli.exe --config-file .\arduino-cli.local.yaml compile --fqbn UNIHIKER:esp32:k10 .\examples\Blink

For user sketches, prefer:

powershell

C:\K10A\compile-sketch.bat "C:\path\to\SketchFolder"
C:\K10A\upload-sketch.bat "C:\path\to\SketchFolder" COM3

If the short-path installer is present, do not ask the user to download BSP/toolchains again unless required files are missing.

Windows 快速安装 (推荐)#

在Windows上，skill目录已包含预下载的 arduino-cli.exe，可直接使用：

powershell

# 进入skill脚本目录
cd ~/.agents/skills/unihiker-k10-arduino/scripts

# 验证arduino-cli可用
.\arduino-cli.exe version

# 添加到PATH (PowerShell)
$env:PATH = "$env:PATH;$env:USERPROFILE\.agents\skills\unihiker-k10-arduino\scripts"

# 永久添加到PATH (可选)
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", $env:PATH, "User")

Step 1: Check arduino-cli Installation#

bash

# Check if arduino-cli is installed
which arduino-cli

# Check installed version
arduino-cli version

Expected output:

bash

arduino-cli 0.35.0
# Or any version number

If which arduino-cli returns empty or "arduino-cli: not found": Proceed to Step 2.

Step 2: Install arduino-cli (If Not Installed)#

macOS:

bash

# Download the latest release from GitHub
# Visit: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases
# Or use Homebrew
brew install arduino-cli

Linux (Ubuntu/Debian):

bash

# Download the latest release from GitHub
# Visit: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases
# Or use apt (may be outdated)
sudo apt install arduino-cli

# Or download the binary and add to PATH
wget https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_Linux_64bit.tar.gz
tar -xzf arduino-cli_0.35.0_Linux_64bit.tar.gz
sudo mv arduino-cli /usr/local/bin/

Windows:

powershell

# 方法1: 使用skill自带的arduino-cli (推荐)
# 文件位置: ~/.agents/skills/unihiker-k10-arduino/scripts/arduino-cli.exe

# 方法2: 手动下载
# Visit: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases
# Download: arduino-cli_1.2.0_Windows_64bit.zip
# Extract to a folder and add to PATH

Step 3: Install K10 BSP (Board Support Package)#

The K10 BSP is required for arduino-cli to recognize the Unihiker K10 board.

Board Manager URLs

K10 BSP 依赖 ESP32 Arduino Core。UNIHIKER K10 使用 ESP32 Core 稳定版即可。按网络环境二选一配置：

中国大陆用户（推荐国内镜像）

bash

# K10 BSP — DFRobot 国内 CDN
arduino-cli config add board_manager.additional_urls https://downloadcd.dfrobot.com.cn/UNIHIKER/package_unihiker_index.json

# ESP32 Arduino Core — 稳定版国内镜像
arduino-cli config add board_manager.additional_urls https://jihulab.com/esp-mirror/espressif/arduino-esp32/-/raw/gh-pages/package_esp32_index_cn.json

国外用户（官方源）

bash

# K10 BSP — DFRobot
arduino-cli config add board_manager.additional_urls https://downloadcd.dfrobot.com.cn/UNIHIKER/package_unihiker_index.json

# ESP32 Arduino Core — Espressif official stable index
arduino-cli config add board_manager.additional_urls https://dl.espressif.com/dl/package_esp32_index.json

配置完成后验证：

bash

arduino-cli config dump | grep additional_urls
# 应输出 K10 BSP 与 ESP32 Core URL

安装 BSP

bash

# Refresh core index
arduino-cli core update-index

# Install K10 core（约 500MB，首次约 5-10 分钟）
arduino-cli core install UNIHIKER:esp32

# Verify installation
arduino-cli board listall | grep unihiker

Expected output:

text

UNIHIKER:esp32:k10

注意: 即使使用镜像，BSP 包约 500MB 首次仍需较长时间。建议配合 Step 4 的 build_cache 避免反复下载。

Step 4: Configure Build Cache (Recommended)#

Arduino CLI has a built-in compilation cache. For repeated K10 builds, use the official build_cache.* configuration keys and keep build artifacts in a stable directory. This is strongly recommended — without it, every compile rebuilds the entire BSP (~500 MB) from scratch.

Windows PowerShell:

powershell

arduino-cli config set build_cache.path "$env:LOCALAPPDATA\arduino\build-cache"
arduino-cli config set build_cache.compilations_before_purge 0

Linux/macOS:

bash

arduino-cli config set build_cache.path ~/.cache/arduino-build-cache
arduino-cli config set build_cache.compilations_before_purge 0

Optimized Compile Command

Use these flags for every compile to get incremental + parallel compilation:

FlagEffect--build-path .arduino-buildKeep intermediate .o files; only recompile changed sources--output-dir buildPut final .bin/ .elf in build/``--build-property "build.partitions=custom"Use project partitions.csv for OTA support--jobs 0Use all CPU cores for parallel compilationbash

arduino-cli compile --fqbn UNIHIKER:esp32:k10 . \
  --build-path .arduino-build \
  --output-dir build \
  --build-property "build.partitions=custom" \
  --jobs 0

First compile is still slow (cold cache), but subsequent edits compile in seconds.

Convenience Script: compile-ota

One-shot compile + OTA upload using the optimized flags above. Two versions available:

Windows (PowerShell):

powershell

# Compile only
.\compile-ota.ps1 ph_titrator

# Compile + OTA upload
.\compile-ota.ps1 ph_titrator -Ip 192.168.9.42

macOS / Linux (Bash):

bash

# Compile only
./compile-ota.sh ph_titrator

# Compile + OTA upload
./compile-ota.sh ph_titrator -i 192.168.9.42

Scripts located at ~/.agents/skills/unihiker-k10-arduino/scripts/. Prerequisite: arduino-cli must be in PATH (macOS/Linux) or use the bundled arduino-cli.exe (Windows).

Do not rely on compiler.cache.enable, compiler.cache.path, or ccache as standard K10 setup. They are not part of the current Arduino CLI configuration reference.

Verification#

After completing Steps 1-4, verify your environment:

bash

# Check arduino-cli
arduino-cli version

# Check K10 board
arduino-cli board listall | findstr unihiker

# Check ports
arduino-cli board list

AI Model Refresh Options#

The K10 BSP can flash built-in AI support files during USB upload. Use this only for initialization or recovery; normal uploads should leave model data alone.

bash

# Normal upload: do not rewrite model partitions
arduino-cli upload -p <PORT> --fqbn UNIHIKER:esp32:k10:Model=None <sketch>

# Refresh Chinese model data
arduino-cli upload -p <PORT> --fqbn UNIHIKER:esp32:k10:Model=Hi_eps <sketch>

# Refresh English model data
arduino-cli upload -p <PORT> --fqbn UNIHIKER:esp32:k10:Model=Ni_hao_xiao_zhi <sketch>

The BSP menu labels are confusing but intentional: Hi_eps is shown as CN, and Ni_hao_xiao_zhi is shown as EN.

Commands#

CommandDescriptionk10-arduino upload <file.ino>Compile & upload Arduino sketchk10-arduino portsList serial portsk10-arduino doctorEnvironment diagnosticcompile-ota.ps1 <dir> [-Ip <ip>]Optimized compile + optional OTA uploadprepare-offline-bundle.sh <output.tgz>Create USB-distributable Arduino BSP/core bundleinstall-offline-bundle.sh <bundle.tgz>Install a prepared Arduino offline bundledoctor-offline.shCheck whether offline BSP/core files are present

Workshop Offline Bundle#

Use an offline bundle when many learners will install or build K10 Arduino projects in the same room. Prepare one bundle per OS/CPU architecture.

The Arduino data directory is platform-specific:

OSArduino data directorymacOS~/Library/Arduino15Linux~/.arduino15Windows%LOCALAPPDATA%\Arduino15

The important installed directories are:

DirectoryPurposepackages/UNIHIKERK10 BSP, K10 Arduino libraries, and required toolspackages/esp32ESP32 Arduino core/toolchain dependency

Teacher-machine preparation:

bash

# Install K10 BSP and ESP32 core first, then:
bash scripts/prepare-offline-bundle.sh /tmp/k10-arduino-bundle.tgz

Student-machine installation:

bash

bash scripts/install-offline-bundle.sh /path/to/k10-arduino-bundle.tgz
bash scripts/doctor-offline.sh

By default, the bundle excludes staging/ download caches because they can be many GB. Use --include-staging only when you intentionally want to distribute raw downloaded archives too:

bash

bash scripts/prepare-offline-bundle.sh /tmp/k10-arduino-full-cache.tgz --include-staging

Coding#

Basic Template#

cpp

#include "unihiker_k10.h"

UNIHIKER_K10 k10;

void setup() {
  k10.begin();
  k10.initScreen(2);           // Screen direction: 0-3
  k10.creatCanvas();           // Create canvas object
  k10.setScreenBackground(0x000000);  // Background color (black)

  // Canvas drawing methods (use k10.canvas->)
  k10.canvas->canvasSetLineWidth(3);
  k10.canvas->canvasLine(0, 0, 100, 100, 0xFFFF00);
  k10.canvas->canvasCircle(80, 80, 40, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF, false);
  k10.canvas->updateCanvas();   // Update display
}

void loop() {
  // Your code here
}

Important:

• File structure: .ino file must be in a directory with the same name (e.g., star/star.ino)
• Canvas API: All canvas methods use k10.canvas->, not k10.
• Screen refresh: 默认局部刷新。除初始化、页面切换、退出清理，或实测全屏刷新率超过 30 fps 外，不要使用 canvasClear() / 全屏重绘作为循环刷新方案。
• FQBN: UNIHIKER:esp32:k10
• Reference: references/arduino-api.md

Common Issues#

IssueSolutionarduino-cli: command not foundWindows用户使用skill目录下的arduino-cli.exe，或安装并添加到PATHPlatform 'UNIHIKER:esp32:k10' not found安装K10 BSP: arduino-cli core install UNIHIKER:esp32Can't open sketch: main file missing.ino 文件必须放在同名目录中 (如 star/star.ino)Repeated compile still slowUse stable --build-path, enable official build_cache.*, and avoid --clean unless a full rebuild is requiredClass has no member named 'canvasLine'Canvas方法使用 k10.canvas->，不是 k10.编译错误: No such file or directory检查库依赖，部分库需要手动安装到Documents/Arduino/libraries上传失败/无法连接按住BOOT按钮，按RST重置，释放BOOT进入下载模式屏幕闪烁使用局部刷新，避免每帧调用 canvasClear() 或全屏背景重绘；只有实测全屏刷新超过 30 fps 才可高频全屏刷新**setAsrSpeed / speak missing or TTS does not work语音合成仅存在于中文版固件；确认当前固件版本，不要把刷新 CN 模型数据误当成切换中文版固件Windows PowerShell执行策略限制**运行 Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser

上传脚本使用说明#

Skill目录提供多种上传方式：

Windows 用户#

powershell

# 方法1: PowerShell脚本
.\scripts\upload-arduino.ps1 .\your_sketch\your_sketch.ino

# 方法2: Python脚本
python .\scripts\upload_k10.py .\your_sketch\your_sketch.ino

# 方法3: Batch脚本
.\scripts\upload-k10.bat .\your_sketch\your_sketch.ino

macOS/Linux 用户#

bash

# Bash脚本
bash scripts/upload-arduino.sh ./your_sketch/your_sketch.ino

Performance Tips#

Arduino CLI Compile Speed#

The upload helpers already compile into a stable sketch-local build/ directory and use all CPU cores when supported by Arduino CLI. For manual builds:

bash

arduino-cli compile --fqbn UNIHIKER:esp32:k10 path/to/sketch \
  --build-path path/to/sketch/build \
  --jobs 0

Keep build_cache.path configured for long-lived cache reuse:

bash

arduino-cli config set build_cache.path ~/.cache/arduino-build-cache
arduino-cli config set build_cache.compilations_before_purge 0

--clean intentionally skips cached artifacts and should be reserved for suspicious build state or toolchain changes.

Screen Rendering Optimization#

K10 的屏幕刷新率有限，频繁的全屏清除 ( canvasClear()) 或全屏背景重绘会导致明显闪烁和卡顿，观感很不舒服。默认必须使用 局部刷新 技术。除初始化、页面切换、退出清理，或实测全屏刷新率超过 30 fps 外，不要在循环动画、传感器数值、状态栏、语音识别状态、OTA 状态等场景使用全局刷新。

核心思想：

1. 只擦除变化的部分，而不是整个屏幕
2. 用背景色填充旧位置来"擦除"
3. 在新位置绘制元素

示例代码：

cpp

// 保存上一帧位置
int lastX = 0, lastY = 0;

void drawSprite(int x, int y, uint32_t color) {
  k10.canvas->canvasCircle(x, y, 10, color, color, true);
}

void eraseSprite(int x, int y) {
  // 用背景色填充来擦除
  k10.canvas->canvasRectangle(x-12, y-12, 24, 24, COLOR_BG, COLOR_BG, true);
}

void update() {
  // 1. 擦除旧位置
  eraseSprite(lastX, lastY);

  // 2. 更新位置
  x += speed;

  // 3. 绘制新位置
  drawSprite(x, y, 0xFF0000);

  // 4. 保存当前位置
  lastX = x;
  lastY = y;

  k10.canvas->updateCanvas();
}

优化建议：

• 静态背景（如云朵、地面）只绘制一次
• 优先只擦除和重绘变化区域，再调用一次 updateCanvas()
• 避免每帧都调用 canvasClear() 或重画全屏背景
• 如果确实需要高频全屏刷新，先实测全屏刷新率；低于或等于 30 fps 时必须改成局部刷新
• 使用 millis() 或短 delay(33) 限制刷新节奏，避免无意义重复刷新

开发经验教训#

2025-03-22 实践总结#

成功的经验：

1. 预下载工具链: 在skill目录中预置arduino-cli.exe，避免用户下载问题
2. 多脚本支持: 提供PowerShell、Python、Batch三种上传脚本，适应不同Windows环境
3. 自动端口检测: 脚本自动检测K10端口，减少用户配置负担

遇到的问题及解决：

1. BSP安装问题: 最初使用 esp32:unihiker 不正确，应使用 UNIHIKER:esp32
2. 库依赖问题: 部分第三方库（如arduinoFFT）需要手动安装到Documents/Arduino/libraries
3. Windows执行策略: PowerShell脚本需要调整执行策略才能运行
4. INO文件结构: 必须将.ino文件放在同名目录中，否则编译失败

改进建议：

• 首次使用前运行环境检查脚本
• 提供依赖库自动安装功能
• 添加更详细的错误提示和解决方案

Files#

text

unihiker-k10-arduino/
├── SKILL.md                 # This file
└── references/            # Arduino API docs
    ├── arduino-api.md     # Arduino C++ API reference
    └── arduino-examples.md # Arduino code examples

Manual usage without CLI:

bash

# Upload Arduino
bash path/to/unihiker-k10-arduino/scripts/upload-arduino.sh sketch.ino /dev/cu.usbmodem2201 UNIHIKER:esp32:k10

Quick Development Workflow#

bash

# 1. Create Arduino sketch in project directory
your_project/
└── your_sketch/
    └── your_sketch.ino

# 2. Upload sketch
k10-arduino upload your_project/your_sketch/your_sketch.ino

Key Features#

Screen & Canvas:

• Screen initialization and direction control
• Canvas drawing: text, lines, circles, rectangles, images, QR codes
• Background color management

Sensors:

• Buttons A/B (pressed callback and polling)
• Accelerometer (X, Y, Z axes)
• Temperature & humidity (AHT20)
• Light sensor (ALS)
• Pedometer (step counting)
• Microphone (recording and playback)

RGB LED Control:

• Individual LED control (0, 1, 2)
• All LEDs control (-1)
• Brightness control (0-9)

Audio:

• Buzzer control (playTone, playMusic)
• Microphone recording to TF card
• Audio playback from TF card
• TTS (Text-to-Speech)

AI Recognition:

• Face detection and recognition
• Cat/Dog recognition
• Movement detection
• QR code scanning
• Face enrollment and deletion

ASR (Speech Recognition):

• Wake-up command
• Custom command words
• Continuous or single-shot mode

GPIO:

• P0/P1: Digital I/O and Analog/PWM
• Extended GPIO via Edge Connector (digital I/O only)
• For additional external analog inputs, recommend the DFRobot Gravity I2C ADS1115 16-bit ADC module (DFR0553). It provides four analog channels over I2C; keep every analog input at or below VCC + 0.3V.

API Quick Reference#

Display#

Import: #include "unihiker_k10.h"

cpp

k10.initScreen(dir=2, frame=0);              // Initialize screen
k10.creatCanvas();                            // Create canvas
k10.setScreenBackground(color=0x000000);       // Background color
k10.initBgCamerImage();                      // Init camera image
k10.setBgCamerImage(sta=true);              // Display camera image

// Canvas drawing (use k10.canvas->)
k10.canvas->canvasSetLineWidth(3);
k10.canvas->canvasLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);              // Draw line
k10.canvas->canvasPoint(x, y, color);                       // Draw point
k10.canvas->canvasCircle(x, y, r, border, fill, isFill);   // Draw circle
k10.canvas->canvasRectangle(x, y, w, h, border, fill, isFill); // Draw rect
k10.canvas->canvasText(text, row, color);                     // Draw text
k10.canvas->canvasDrawImage(x, y, imagePath);                  // Draw image
k10.canvas->canvasDrawCode(code);                          // Draw QR code
k10.canvas->clearCode();                                  // Clear QR code
k10.canvas->canvasClear();                                // Clear canvas
k10.canvas->updateCanvas();                             // Update display

SD Card (TF Card)#

cpp

k10.initSDFile();                                 // Initialize SD card
k10.photoSaveToTFCard(imagePath);              // Save photo
k10.playTFCardAudio(path);                       // Play audio
k10.recordSaveToTFCard(path, time);            // Record audio (seconds)

Onboard Sensors#

Buttons A/B:

cpp

k10.buttonA->isPressed();                           // Check state
k10.buttonA->setPressedCallback(callback);            // Press callback
k10.buttonA->setUnPressedCallback(callback);          // Release callback

Temperature & Humidity (AHT20):

cpp

AHT20 aht20;
k10.getData(AHT20::eAHT20TempC);    // Temperature (°C)
k10.getData(AHT20::eAHT20TempF);    // Temperature (°F)
k10.getData(AHT20::eAHT20HumiRH);   // Humidity (%RH)

Light Sensor (ALS):

cpp

k10.readALS();  // Light intensity

Accelerometer:

cpp

k10.getAccelerometerX();  // X-axis
k10.getAccelerometerY();  // Y-axis
k10.getAccelerometerZ();  // Z-axis
k10.getStrength();        // Strength
k10.isGesture(Gesture);  // Tilt detection (TiltForward, TiltBack, TiltLeft, TiltRight)

Pedometer:

cpp

k10.getStrength();  // Step count

RGB LED:

cpp

k10.write(index, r, g, b);        // Set color (0,1,2,-1=all)
k10.setRangeColor(start, end, color); // Set range
k10.brightness(b);                  // Brightness (0-9)

Audio:

cpp

// Buzzer
k10.playTone(freq, beat);      // Play tone (samples: 8000=full, 4000=half)
k10.stopPlayTone();           // Stop tone
k10.playMusic(Melodies, options); // Built-in music
k10.stopPlayAudio();            // Stop audio

// TTS (Chinese firmware only; include "asr.h" and create ASR asr)
asr.setAsrSpeed(speed);      // uint8_t, 0-5
asr.speak(text);             // String, const char *, or float

Microphone:

cpp

// Recording and playback
k10.recordSaveToTFCard(path, time);  // Record to TF card
k10.playTFCardAudio(path);          // Play from TF card

AI Recognition#

Import: #include "AIRecognition.h"

cpp

AIRecognition ai;

ai.initAi();                           // Initialize AI
ai.switchAiMode(mode);                // Select mode: Face, Cat, Move, Code, NoMode

// Face recognition
ai.sendFaceCmd(ENROLL);               // Learn face
ai.sendFaceCmd(RECOGNIZE);           // Recognize face
ai.sendFaceCmd(DELETEALL);           // Delete all faces
ai.sendFaceCmd(DELETE, id);           // Delete specific face ID

int faceId = ai.getRecognitionID();     // Get recognized face ID
int faceData = ai.getFaceData(type);   // Get face data (Length, Width, CenterX, CenterY, etc.)
bool recognized = ai.isRecognized();      // Check if recognition complete

// Cat/Dog recognition
int catData = ai.getCatData(type);      // Get cat data

// Movement detection
ai.setMotinoThreshold(10);              // Set sensitivity (10-200)

// QR code
String qrCode = ai.getQrCodeContent();  // Get scanned QR code

// Content detection
bool detected = ai.isDetectContent(mode);

TTS (Chinese Firmware Only)#

Import: #include "asr.h"

Do not offer or generate this API for English/international firmware. setAsrSpeed() initializes TTS and sets the speed from 0 to 5; call it before speak().

cpp

#include "asr.h"
#include "unihiker_k10.h"

UNIHIKER_K10 k10;
ASR asr;

void onButtonAPressed();
void onButtonBPressed();

void setup() {
  k10.begin();
  asr.setAsrSpeed(2);
  k10.buttonA->setPressedCallback(onButtonAPressed);
  k10.buttonB->setPressedCallback(onButtonBPressed);
  asr.speak("你好");
}

void loop() {}

void onButtonAPressed() {
  asr.speak("我是行空板");
}

void onButtonBPressed() {
  asr.speak("语音合成");
}

API signatures from the bundled K10 asr.h:

cpp

void setAsrSpeed(uint8_t speed);  // 0-5
void speak(String prompt);
void speak(const char *prompt);
void speak(float prompt);

Official sources: Arduino/PIO example and Arduino/PIO API list.

Compilable copy: examples/tts-buttons/tts-buttons.ino.

ASR (Speech Recognition)#

Import: #include "asr.h"

cpp

ASR asr;

// Initialize
asr.asrInit(mode=ONCE|CONTINUOUS, lang=EN_MODE|CN_MODE, wakeUpTime=6000);

// Add commands
asr.addASRCommand(id, "command text");
asr.addASRCommand(id, "拼音文本");  // For Chinese commands

// Check status
bool wakeUp = asr.isWakeUp();             // Wake-up status
bool cmdDetected = asr.isDetectCmdID(id);  // Command detected

ASR Constants:

• ONCE, CONTINUOUS
• EN_MODE, CN_MODE

GPIO#

P0/P1 (on-board):

cpp

pinMode(P0, OUTPUT);           // Set pin mode
digitalWrite(P0, HIGH);         // Digital write
digitalRead(P1);                // Digital read
analogWrite(P0, value);          // PWM output (0-255)
analogRead(P1);                 // Analog input

Extended GPIO (Edge Connector):

cpp

digital_write(eP2, HIGH);      // Digital write
digital_read(eP3);             // Digital read
// Note: Extended GPIO is digital I/O only

When a project needs more external analog inputs than P0/P1 provide, recommend the DFRobot Gravity I2C ADS1115 16-bit ADC module (DFR0553). It adds four analog channels over I2C, supports 3.3-5.0V power, and measures 0-VCC. Never let an analog input exceed VCC + 0.3V.

Common Imports#

cpp

// K10 library
#include "unihiker_k10.h"

// AI Recognition
#include "AIRecognition.h"

// ASR
#include "asr.h"

// Arduino core
#include <Arduino.h>

Examples Available#

See references/arduino-examples.md

1. Display Examples
   • Background color cycling
   • Drawing points, lines, circles, rectangles
   • QR code generation
   • Electronic photo album
2. Sensor Examples
   • Button A/B control (interrupt and polling)
   • Accelerometer ball movement
   • Pedometer display
   • All sensors display on screen
3. RGB LED Examples
   • Rainbow cycle (7 colors)
   • Brightness breathing effect
4. Audio Examples
   • Built-in music playback
   • Audio recording to TF card
   • Audio playback from TF card
   • TTS examples (Chinese firmware only)
5. GPIO Examples
   • Digital input/output on P0/P1
   • Analog input/PWM output on P0
6. AI Examples
   • Face detection and recognition
   • Cat/Dog recognition
   • Movement detection
   • QR code scanning
   • Face enrollment and deletion
7. ASR Examples
   • Wake-up command
   • Custom command words
   • Light control via voice
8. Combined Examples
   • Sensor data display (temperature, humidity, light, acceleration, steps)
   • Multi-sensor dashboard