Video Prompting Skill#

AI 视频生成提示词工程指南——覆盖 Sora、Runway Gen-3/4、Kling、Seedance 2.0、Veo 2、Hailuo、Pika 等主流模型。

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1. 视频提示词核心结构#

一个高质量的视频提示词通常包含以下维度（不必每个都写，但越多越精确）：

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[主体] + [动作/运动] + [场景/环境] + [镜头语言] + [光影氛围] + [风格/美学] + [技术参数]

各维度详解#

维度说明示例主体谁/什么，外貌穿着细节A woman in a red silk dress, mid-30s, short black hair动作/运动主体在做什么，怎么动slowly walking forward, turning her head to the left场景/环境在哪里，周围有什么in a dimly lit Tokyo alley at night, neon signs reflecting in puddles镜头语言摄影机怎么拍（最关键！）tracking shot, low angle, slow dolly in, drone aerial光影氛围光线、色调、氛围感golden hour lighting, volumetric fog, cinematic warm tones风格/美学艺术风格、电影参考Wes Anderson style, film grain, anamorphic lens, 35mm技术参数帧率、分辨率、时长等4K, 60fps, 16:9, slow motion 120fps

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2. 镜头语言词汇表（最实用的部分）#

运镜方式#

英文术语中文效果描述Static shot固定镜头摄影机不动，画面静止，适合展现场景Pan水平摇镜摄影机左右转动，水平扫视场景Tilt垂直摇镜摄影机上下转动，展示高低Dolly in/out推拉镜头摄影机物理前后移动，靠近/远离主体Truck横移镜头摄影机左右平移Tracking shot跟踪镜头摄影机跟随主体移动Crane shot摇臂镜头大幅度上下运动，从高到低或反之Drone shot / Aerial无人机/航拍俯瞰大场景Handheld手持摄影有轻微晃动，纪实感Steadicam稳定器流畅移动但不晃Whip pan快速摇镜快速转场，动感强Orbit / 360°环绕镜头绕主体旋转Push-in缓慢推近制造紧张感或亲密感Pull-back reveal后拉揭示从细节开始，后拉揭示大场景Rack focus焦点转换前景模糊→后景清晰，或反之Zoom in/out变焦不移动摄影机，光学放大/缩小

拍摄角度#

英文术语中文效果Eye level平视自然、客观Low angle仰拍主体显得强大、威严High angle俯拍主体显得渺小、脆弱Bird's eye鸟瞰从正上方俯视Worm's eye虫眼视角从地面极低角度仰视Dutch angle / Tilted倾斜构图不安、紧张、疯狂Over-the-shoulder过肩镜头对话场景，增加代入感POV第一人称观众视角，沉浸感

景别#

英文术语中文描述Extreme close-up (ECU)极近景只拍眼睛/嘴巴等局部Close-up (CU)近景头部+肩部Medium close-up (MCU)中近景胸部以上Medium shot (MS)中景腰部以上Medium full shot (MFS)中全景膝盖以上Full shot (FS)全景全身Wide shot (WS)远景主体+大量环境Extreme wide shot (EWS)大远景主体很小，以环境为主Establishing shot建置镜头交代场景位置

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3. 光影氛围词汇#

英文术语中文效果Golden hour黄金时刻日出/日落暖光，电影感最强Blue hour蓝色时刻日出前/日落后冷蓝调Overcast / Diffused阴天/漫射光柔和无硬阴影Hard light硬光强烈阴影，戏剧感Volumetric lighting体积光光束穿过雾/烟，丁达尔效应Backlighting / Rim light逆光/轮廓光主体边缘发光Chiaroscuro明暗对比强烈光影对比，伦勃朗光Neon lighting霓虹灯赛博朋克/都市夜景Practical lighting实用光源画面内的灯/蜡烛/屏幕照亮Lens flare镜头光晕光线直射镜头产生光晕Silhouette剪影主体全黑，背景亮Film noir黑色电影高对比黑白，硬阴影

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4. 风格美学词汇#

关键词风格Cinematic电影感（万能修饰词）Documentary / Verité纪录片风格，手持晃动Film grain胶片颗粒感Anamorphic变形宽银幕，横向光晕35mm / 16mm / 8mm不同胶片质感VHS / Found footage录像带/伪纪录片Stop motion定格动画Anime / Ghibli日式动画/吉卜力Cyberpunk赛博朋克Vaporwave蒸汽波Oil painting / Watercolor油画/水彩风格Photorealistic照片写实Hyperrealistic超写实Wes Anderson韦斯·安德森（对称、马卡龙色）David Fincher大卫·芬奇（冷色调、暗沉）Christopher Nolan诺兰（IMAX、宏大、时空）Terrence Malick马利克（自然光、诗意、慢镜）Blade Runner style银翼杀手（霓虹+雨+暗调）

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5. 运动与动态描述技巧#

视频和图片最大的区别就是 运动。描述运动要具体：

❌ 模糊#

A person walking

✅ 具体#

A woman in a flowing white dress walking slowly through a sunlit wheat field, her dress catching the wind, camera tracking alongside her at eye level

运动描述要素#

• 速度: slowly, gradually, rapidly, suddenly
• 方向: from left to right, toward the camera, away into the distance
• 节奏: with a pause, continuously, in bursts
• 主体内部运动: hair blowing, clothes rippling, eyes darting
• 环境运动: leaves falling, rain pouring, smoke rising, water rippling
• 摄影机运动: (见第2节)

常用运动句式#

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- The camera slowly dollies in as [subject] [action]
- [Subject] enters from the left, [action], then exits right
- Starting from a close-up of [detail], the camera pulls back to reveal [scene]
- A low-angle tracking shot following [subject] as [action]
- Time-lapse of [scene] over [duration], showing [change]
- Slow motion at 120fps: [action] with [detail visible]

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6. 各平台特性与提示词适配#

Sora (OpenAI)#

• 擅长：物理真实感、复杂运动、长镜头
• 提示词风格：自然语言叙述，像在描述电影场景
• 长度：可以很长，细节越多越好
• 特殊：理解时间和因果关系，可以描述"先...然后..."

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例：A stylish woman walks down a Tokyo street filled with warm glowing neon and animated city signage. She wears a black leather jacket, red dress, and boots, carrying a black purse. She walks casually but confidently. Many pedestrians walk about. The street is damp and reflective, creating a mirror effect of the colorful lights. Cinematic, 4K.

Runway Gen-3/4#

• 擅长：风格化、艺术化、快速迭代
• 提示词风格：简洁有力，关键词组合
• 建议：强调运镜和风格，主体描述清晰

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例：Cinematic tracking shot, a dancer in red leaping through fog, volumetric lighting, anamorphic lens flare, slow motion

Kling (快手)#

• 擅长：人像、中国风、口型同步
• 提示词风格：中英文皆可，偏叙述性
• 建议：描述具体动作和表情变化

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例：一位穿着汉服的年轻女子站在烟雨蒙蒙的江南水乡石桥上，手持油纸伞，微风轻拂衣袖，镜头缓慢推近，光影柔和

Seedance 2.0 (ByteDance)#

• 擅长：高保真、动作流畅、角色一致性
• 提示词风格：详细描述，强调动作序列
• 特殊：支持角色参考和音频驱动

Veo 2 (Google)#

• 擅长：电影级画质、物理一致性
• 提示词风格：类似 Sora，自然叙述

Pika#

• 擅长：快速生成、风格化、特效
• 提示词风格：简短有力

Hailuo (MiniMax)#

• 擅长：中文场景理解、自然运动
• 提示词风格：中文叙述效果好

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7. 提示词模板（可直接套用）#

🎬 电影叙事型#

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[Shot type] of [subject] [action] in [setting]. [Camera movement] as [secondary action]. [Lighting] lighting, [style/aesthetic]. Cinematic, [format].

示例：

Medium shot of a detective in a trench coat stepping through a rain-soaked alley. The camera slowly dollies in as he pauses to light a cigarette. Neon and streetlight mix in volumetric fog. Film noir style, anamorphic, 4K 24fps.

🌍 场景建立型#

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An establishing [shot type] of [location/scene]. [Time of day], [weather/atmosphere]. [Key movement or change over time]. [Style], [format].

示例：

An establishing wide shot of a coastal village at dawn. Mist rolls over the harbor as fishing boats rock gently. Golden hour light breaks through clouds. Terrence Malick inspired, 35mm film grain, 16:9.

🎭 角色展示型#

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[Shot type] portrait of [character description]. [Action/micro-expression]. [Camera movement]. [Lighting setup], [background]. [Style reference].

示例：

Close-up portrait of an elderly man with weathered skin and kind eyes. He slowly smiles, deep wrinkles creasing. Camera slowly pushes in. Soft window light from the left, blurred bookshelf behind. Wes Anderson palette, 85mm lens, shallow depth of field.

🏃 动作运动型#

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[Shot type + camera movement] following [subject] as [action sequence]. [Speed/tempo]. [Environment interaction]. [Lighting], [style].

示例：

Low-angle tracking shot following a parkour athlete as they vault over rooftops at sunset. Rapid cuts between angles. Wind whips their hoodie. Golden backlight, lens flare. Action cinema style, 60fps, 4K.

🎨 风格艺术型#

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[Subject] [action] in [style] style. [Color palette], [texture], [camera/staging]. [Mood/atmosphere].

示例：

A cat walking across a rooftop in Studio Ghibli style. Soft watercolor sky, warm earth tones, gentle wind animation. Dreamlike and peaceful.

📱 UGC/短视频型#

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[POV/type], [person] [action], [setting]. [Natural/authentic detail]. [Casual framing].

示例：

Selfie-style POV, a young woman trying a street food stall at a night market, steam rising, neon reflections on her face. Authentic, unstaged, iPhone quality.

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8. 高级技巧#

时间叙事#

视频可以描述时间流逝：

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- "Starting with X, the scene transitions to Y as Z happens"
- "Time-lapse: clouds race overhead as..."
- "The camera holds as the sun sets, transitioning from golden hour to blue hour"

多主体协调#

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Two figures approach each other from opposite sides of the frame, meeting in the center. Camera orbits slowly around them.

物理交互#

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Water splashes against rocks as waves crash. Droplets catch the light in slow motion.

情绪曲线#

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The scene begins calm and still, then builds energy as the wind picks up, culminating in a dramatic reveal as the clouds part.

避免的坑#

1. 别堆关键词——视频模型需要自然连贯的描述
2. 别矛盾——"fast-paced static shot" 自相矛盾
3. 别忽略运动——视频最重要的就是动，不写运动就是活的照片
4. 别过度限制——给 AI 留创造空间，别每个像素都规定
5. 注意模型限制——10秒视频别写3分钟的故事

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9. 推荐学习资源#

GitHub 仓库#

• awesome-prompt-engineering — 跨模态提示工程合集（含视频部分）
• 各模型的 prompt vault（Seedance/Sora/Grok 等）— 搜索 seedance prompt vault / sora prompt library
• AI filmmaking pipeline 仓库 — 多阶段视频制作流程

官方指南#

• OpenAI Sora 提示词指南
• Runway Prompting Guide
• Kling 官方提示词文档

社区#

• r/aivideo (Reddit)
• Civitai 视频模型提示词分享
• X/Twitter 上各模型官方账号的展示案例

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最后更新：2025-05-10