markitdown — let a text-only agent read documents#

A non-multimodal OpenClaw agent has no eyes: its backend is a plain-text API, so it cannot open a PDF / Word / Excel / PowerPoint attachment at all. This skill turns those files into Markdown the model can read.

Two layers, and you almost always only need the first:

• Free layer — DEFAULT. The markitdown MCP server converts text-bearing documents (PDF, docx, pptx, xlsx, html, csv, json, xml, epub, zip) to Markdown locally. No API key. No per-call cost. This handles the vast majority of attachments, because most documents store real text.
• OCR layer — OPT-IN. Scanned PDFs (photographed pages), standalone image files, and images embedded inside documents contain no extractable text — the only way to read them is to have a vision model look. This layer is OFF unless OPENAI_API_KEY is set, and it bills per image.

The cost line is simple: pulling existing text out of a file is free; asking a model to look at a picture costs money.

When to use#

A document attachment arrives (Slack file, email attachment, a path the user gives you) whose extension or MIME is one of:

pdf · docx · pptx · xlsx · xls · epub · html · htm · csv · json · xml · zip · md …and you need its content (to answer about it, summarize it, quote it, or save it).

For plain images ( png · jpg · jpeg · gif · webp · tiff): only useful if the OCR layer is on. With no key, a text-only agent simply cannot read an image — say so rather than guessing.

Do not use this for a file the agent can already read as plain text in the prompt.

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Setup (operator, one time)#

Free layer — the MCP server#

Run the server over stdio with no install using uvx:

bash

uvx markitdown-mcp

Register it in your OpenClaw / MCP client config:

json

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "markitdown": {
      "command": "uvx",
      "args": ["markitdown-mcp"]
    }
  }
}

This exposes one tool: convert_to_markdown(uri), where uri is any http:, https:, file:, or data: URI. That is the whole free layer.

The MCP server runs with the privileges of its process and can read any file that user can read. Keep it bound to local/stdio use only.

OCR layer — the CLI (optional)#

The MCP server cannot OCR — it never wires up a vision client, so even with plugins enabled it silently returns text-only output. OCR runs through the CLI instead. Install the fork (which ships the markitdown-ocr plugin) plus an OpenAI client:

bash

pip install "git+https://github.com/Self-made-Orange/markitdown.git#subdirectory=packages/markitdown[all]"
pip install "git+https://github.com/Self-made-Orange/markitdown.git#subdirectory=packages/markitdown-ocr"
pip install openai

Then export a key (any OpenAI-compatible endpoint works):

bash

export OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...
export MARKITDOWN_OCR_MODEL=gpt-4o-mini   # cheapest vision model; optional

With no OPENAI_API_KEY, the plugin still loads but OCR is skipped — you fall back to the free converter automatically. So the OCR layer is genuinely zero-cost until someone opts in.

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Flow (per attachment)#

1. Get the absolute path. The downloaded attachment's absolute path is already provided by the runtime (e.g. MediaPaths). Build a file://<absolute-path> URI.

   • ⚠️ Convert in the same turn the file arrives — downloads live in a temp dir and may be GC'd next turn.

2. Free convert (always try first). Call convert_to_markdown("file://<abspath>") on the markitdown MCP server. For normal documents you are done — read or store the Markdown.

3. Decide if OCR is needed. OCR only matters when:

   • the file is a standalone image, or
   • the free conversion came back empty / whitespace-only / a few stray characters (a tell-tale of a scanned PDF — pages are images, not text).

If neither is true, stop. Don't spend a vision call on a document that already gave you text.

1. OCR (only if needed AND OPENAI_API_KEY is set). Shell out to the CLI: bash

   markitdown "<abspath>" --use-plugins --llm-client openai --llm-model "${MARKITDOWN_OCR_MODEL:-gpt-4o-mini}" -o "<out>.md"
   
   

   Or, with no global install, one-shot via uvx: bash

   uvx --from "git+https://github.com/Self-made-Orange/markitdown.git#subdirectory=packages/markitdown[all]" \
       --with "git+https://github.com/Self-made-Orange/markitdown.git#subdirectory=packages/markitdown-ocr" \
       --with openai \
       markitdown "<abspath>" --use-plugins --llm-client openai --llm-model "${MARKITDOWN_OCR_MODEL:-gpt-4o-mini}"
   
   

   OCR-extracted text is wrapped inline as *[Image OCR] … [End OCR]*, interleaved in reading order, so document structure is preserved.

   If OPENAI_API_KEY is NOT set and the content is image-only: do not pretend. Tell the user the file is image-based and reading it needs the optional OCR layer (an OpenAI-compatible key), and stop.

2. Use or persist. One-off question → read the Markdown and answer; no need to save. Worth keeping → write it to your knowledge store with provenance (original filename, source, date).

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Cost & model notes#

• Free layer: $0. Local text extraction, no network model.
• OCR layer: one vision API call per image (and one per page for fully scanned PDFs, rendered at 300 DPI). With gpt-4o-mini this is roughly a fraction of a cent per image — cheap, but not zero, and it scales with image count. Pick a small vision model unless you need fidelity.
• The OCR layer is the reason this fork exists: it gives a text-only agent a way to "see" images, on demand, without making the whole agent multimodal.

Gotchas#

• MCP ≠ OCR. Do not set MARKITDOWN_ENABLE_PLUGINS=true on the server expecting OCR — the server passes no llm_client, so it silently skips OCR. OCR is CLI-only.
• Path access. Both the file:// input and any output path must be inside the server/agent's allowed root, or the call is blocked.
• Encrypted / corrupt files can fail conversion. Report the failure plainly; for PDFs you can retry with a dedicated PDF tool if available.
• Don't OCR what already has text. Step 3's check exists to avoid burning vision calls on ordinary documents.

Supported formats#

Free (local): PDF, PowerPoint, Word, Excel, HTML, CSV, JSON, XML, EPUB, ZIP (iterates contents), plus text formats. OCR-enhanced (key required): scanned PDFs, standalone images, and images embedded in PDF/DOCX/PPTX/XLSX.

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Built on microsoft/markitdown; OCR layer from the Self-made-Orange/markitdown fork ( packages/markitdown-ocr).